2025 Economic Calendar
POWERED BY  Econoday logo
ARTICLE ARCHIVES

GLOBAL ECONOMICS

Global Economics: What to Watch in the Week Ahead
Global Economics - August 22, 2025

  

Global Economics will be taking the next week off. Next article will be dated September 5.

 

The Week Ahead: Highlights

 

Asia-Pacific Preview

 

Busy Data Week plus Bank of Korea Policy Meeting

 

By Brian Jackson, Econoday Economist

 

The Bank of Korea's policy meeting will be a key focus in the Asia-Pacific, with officials having cut rates in four of the last seven meetings. At the previous meeting early last month, rates were left on hold, with officials citing concerns about house price growth in the Seoul area and higher household debt. Although they reiterated then that they have a "rate cut stance", Governor Rhee Chang-yong this week told legislators that there is "much to consider" at next week's meeting. This suggests officials may decide to wait for further data before cutting rates again.

 

South Korea will also publish retail sales and industrial production data for July later in the week, with Taiwan and Singapore also reporting industrial production data. These reports will provide updated information on the impact higher tariffs on exports to the United States are having on the region. This will be followed by official PMI data from China providing one of the first indications of conditions in August.

 

Monthly CPI data for Australia for June may reinforce the Reserve Bank of Australia's confidence that underlying inflation will continue to moderate to around the midpoint of the target range of two percent to three percent. Officials cut policy rates earlier this month based on this assessment but they also stressed that they remain cautious about the outlook.

 

Europe Preview

 

Europe's Big Week: August Data to Show Tariff Effects

By Marco Babic, Econoday Economist

 

Data for August, the month in which US tariffs of 15 percent have come into effect, has started to come in. Last week saw positive developments in the flash PMI data for the month but the second quarter report card for Germany reported worse-than-expected GDP for the second quarter. Europe's largest economy shrank 0.3 percent, where exports were a drag.

 

France's economy fared better according to preliminary estimates, gaining 0.3 percent on the quarter, with final figures to be released on Friday. The flash report is thin on details, and the final report will give a look into how the trade component fared. Italy also reports final figures for the second quarter, with the flash reading showing a 0.1 percent decline on the quarter and a 0.4 percent gain over the same three months of last year.

 

Another biggie next week is Germany's Ifo report for August. In July, the results fell below consensus estimates but were still slightly improved over the previous month. The question is whether German businesses, particularly industry, remains positive in the face of US tariffs. In particular, autos are facing tariffs and will likely to continue to do so unless Europe lowers theirs.

 

German consumer confidence, scheduled for Wednesday, will be among the first data points for September. In August, the reading slipped to minus 21.5 from minus 20.3 in July, marked by consumers increasing their propensity to save. Retail sales for July are scheduled for release and showed resilience in June, gaining 1.0 percent on the month and 4.9 percent from a year ago. This, however, could be consumers accelerating purchases ahead of potential tariff hits. In Germany it appears at the moment that one sector is waiting for improvement in another before committing to a more positive view.

 

Among other economies, Switzerland also reports final GDP for the second quarter, with the flash reading 0.1 percent a marked slowdown from the 0.5 percent growth in the first quarter. The heavily trade-dependent Swiss economy has seen exports decline for three consecutive months, and this is surely bleeding into the GDP reading. Wednesday's report will provide more clarity on that.

 

What Will the Inflation Data Show?

 

France reports preliminary July CPI and PPI readings on Friday, with Italy and Germany reporting on consumer prices. In France, CPI has been relatively tame, up 0.2 percent on the month, and 1.0 percent year-on-year in June. At the same time, producer prices were down 0.2 percent on the month and up 0.2 percent on the year. However, there has been anecdotal evidence in reports indicating pipeline pressures could be brewing. Friday's data will give some direction on that.

 

Italy's CPI is also within the comfort range of the ECB, rising 0.4 percent on a monthly basis and 1.7 percent year-on-year in July. German inflation grew 0.3 percent in July and was up 2.0 percent over a year ago.

 

For now, this is unlikely to be of great concern to the ECB which is releasing the minutes of its most recent meeting. The report will hopefully offer some insights into the central bank's thinking on whether pipeline inflationary pressure is something they are concerned about, but also any clues on how the trade situation is playing out.

 

US Preview

 

GDP In Focus as FOMC Assesses Economy

 

By Theresa Sheehan, Econoday Economist

 

The economic data in the August 25 week advances the story about economic conditions in the US in the third quarter 2025 with fresh data for July and August. However, the highlight of the week - if it can be called that - should be the second estimate of second quarter GDP.

 

The advance estimate for the second quarter had a nice gain of 3.0 percent compared to the decline of 0.5 percent in the first quarter. On the other hand, the advance estimate is based on a number of assumptions. With more data, the data is likely going to be revised. Some forecasters are looking for growth to nudge up to 3.1 percent when the report is released at 8:30 ET on Thursday. The Atlanta Fed's GDPNow forecasts growth at 2.3 percent as of August 19. Whatever the outcome, it has to be read with some caution. The BEA will be releasing the annual revisions with the third estimate of second quarter GDP on Thursday, September 25 at 8:30 ET.

 

In any case, Fed policymakers are going to be looking at the performance of the first half of the year, in part to look behind the chaos of the implementation of trade and tariff policies, and the impact of massive layoffs in federal government. By the time the FOMC meets on September 16-17, it will have a lot of information about the third quarter as well.

 

The week sees the last of the monthly surveys of consumer confidence for August. The preliminary University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index registered a decrease in early August to 58.6 from a rise to 61.7 in July. The fall was much more due to lower confidence in current conditions, although the six-month outlook was softer as well. The cause is likely worries about higher prices, especially for household nondiscretionary spending like food and insurance. The final Consumer Sentiment Index for August at 10:00 ET on Friday will probably see some revision but won't change the underlying story. The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index for August is at 10:00 ET on Tuesday. It remains to be seen if it mirrors the University of Michigan measure with a decline in August after a small rise to 97.2 in July.

 

Weak consumer confidence has not yet affected consumer spending, but it does mean that consumers are seeking out bargains to maximize their dollars and doing so when mulling gift budgets for the holiday shopping season. Early bird shoppers can start as soon as September and October. Retailers and wholesalers and delivery services plan their hiring now. Without upward momentum for the confidence indexes, seasonal spending and hiring may not see the usual gains in 2025 with consequent sapping of growth in the fourth quarter.

 

A graph with lines and numbers

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

 

A graph with red and blue lines

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

 

The Week Ahead: Econoday Consensus Forecasts

Monday

New Zealand Retail Trade for Second Quarter (Mon 1045 NZST; Sun 2245 GMT; Sun 1845 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Q/Q: 0.2%

Consensus Range, Q/Q: -0.7% to 0.2%

 

The consensus sees retail trade up 0.2 percent in the quarter from the previous quarter. After strength in Q1, sales flagged in Q2, partly reflecting volatile auto sales.

 

Singapore CPI for July (Mon 1300 SGT; Mon 0500 GMT; Mon 0100 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 0.8%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 0.7% to 0.9%

 

CPI is expected to rise 0.8 percent from a year ago in July, same as the 0.8 percent increase on year in June.

 

Germany Ifo Survey for August (Mon 1000 CEST; Mon 0800 GMT; Mon 0400 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Business Climate: 88.3

Consensus Range, Business Climate: 87.0 to 88.6

Consensus Forecast, Current Conditions: 86.0

Consensus Range, Current Conditions: 85.0 to 86.6

Consensus Forecast, Business Expectations: 89.5

Consensus Range, Business Expectations: 89.0 to 90.4

 

Business climate is seen flat to weaker at 88.3 versus 88.6 in the prior month. Current conditions seen at 86.0 versus 86.5 and expectations at 89.5 versus 90.7.

 

United States New Home Sales for July (Mon 1000 EDT; Mon 1400 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Annual Rate: 628K

Consensus Range, Annual Rate: 615K to 650K

 

The consensus looks for home sales to languish at a shaky 628K annual rate in July after 627K in June.

 

Tuesday

Singapore Industrial Production for July (Tue 1300 SGT; Tue 0500 GMT; Tue 0100 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.9%

Consensus Range, M/M: 0.5% to 1.1%

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 0.8%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 0.5% to 1.7%

 

The consensus looks for output up 0.9 percent on the month and up 0.8 percent on the year.

 

United States Durable Goods Orders for July (Tue 0830 EDT; Tue 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, New Orders - M/M: -4.0%

Consensus Range, New Orders - M/M: -6.4% to 2.0%

Consensus Forecast, Ex-Transportation - M/M: 0.1%

Consensus Range, Ex-Transportation - M/M: -0.7% to 0.5%

Consensus Forecast, Core Capital Goods - M/M: 0.3%

Consensus Range, Core Capital Goods - M/M: -0.5% to 0.5%

 

Durable goods orders expected to show a decrease of 4.0 percent on the month with aircraft orders the swing factor for another month. The consensus sees an increase of 0.1 percent ex-transportation orders. Core capital goods orders, the capex proxy, is seen up by a decent 0.3 percent.

 

United States Case-Shiller Home Price Index for June (Tue 0900 EDT; Tue 1300 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, 20-City Unadjusted - Y/Y: 2.6%

Consensus Range, 20-City Unadjusted - Y/Y: 2.4% to 2.9%

 

Home prices are seen up 2.6 percent on year in June as housing price inflation continues to ebb, down from 2.8 percent in May.

 

United States Consumer Confidence for August (Tue 1000 EDT; Tue 1400 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Index: 96.4

Consensus Range, Index: 94.0 to 98.1

 

The consensus looks for a downtick to 96.4 in August from 97.2 in July. The Conference Board's measure has stabilized after taking a tumble earlier in the year but confidence remains relatively depressed as consumers fret about the job market.

 

Wednesday

Australia Monthly CPI for July (Wed 1130 AET; Wed 0130 GMT; Tue 2130 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, CPI - Y/Y: 2.3%

Consensus Range, CPI - Y/Y: 2.0% to 2.7%

 

CPI is expected to show a much bigger 2.3 percent rise on year in July versus 1.9 percent in June. June was skewed down by a big 0.4 percent drop in electricity prices and that factor is seen reversing in July.

 

Germany GfK Consumer Climate for September (Mon 0800 CEST; Mon 0600 GMT; Mon 0200 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Index: -21.5

Consensus Range, Index: -23.0 to -20.5

 

German consumers remain gloomy with change in the index expected flat at minus 21.5 in September from August's minus 21.5.

 

Thursday

South Korea Bank of Korea Announcement (Thu 1000 KST; Thu 0100 GMT; Wed 2100 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Change: 0 bps

Consensus Range, Change: 0 bps to 0 bps

Consensus Forecast, Level: 2.50%

Consensus Range, Level: 2.50% to 2.50%

 

Forecasters expect the bank to hold off on a rate cut until the October meeting but markets are watching closely the BOK's economic projections. For now the upside concern is housing price inflation and rising consumption in response to government payouts.

 

Australia Capital Expenditures for Second Quarter (Thu 1130 AET; Thu 0130 GMT; Wed 2130 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Q/Q: 0.8%

Consensus Range, Q/Q: -0.5% to 2.0%

 

Spending on Capex seen up 0.8 percent in Q2 from Q1 after falling 0.1 percent in Q1 from Q4.

 

Switzerland GDP for Second Quarter (Thu 1000 CEST; Thu 0800 GMT; Thu 0400 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Q/Q: 0.1%

Consensus Range, Q/Q: 0.1% to 0.1%

 

A muted 0.1 percent increase expected on quarter, unchanged from the flash.

 

Eurozone M3 Money Supply for July (Thu 1000 CEST; Thu 0800 GMT; Thu 0400 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y - 3-Month Moving Average: 3.4%

Consensus Range, Y/Y - 3-Month Moving Average: 3.1% to 3.7%

 

Money supply growth expected at 3.4 percent in July versus 3.7 percent in June.

 

Eurozone EC Consumer Sentiment for August (Thu 1100 CEST; Thu 0900 GMT; Thu 0500 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Economic Sentiment: 96.0

Consensus Range, Economic Sentiment: 95.2 to 96.5

Consensus Forecast, Industry Sentiment: -11.0

Consensus Range, Industry Sentiment: -11.0 to -9.0

 

Economic sentiment expected at 96.0 for August versus 95.8 in July.

 

United States GDP for Second Quarter (Thu 0830 EDT; Thu 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Quarter over Quarter - Annual Rate: 3.1%

Consensus Range, Quarter over Quarter - Annual Rate: 3.0% to 3.2%

Consensus Forecast, Personal Consumption Expenditures - Annual Rate: 1.4%

Consensus Range, Personal Consumption Expenditures - Annual Rate: 1.4% to 1.5%

 

The consensus sees GDP revised up marginally to show a 3.1 percent growth rate in Q2 from the 3.0 percent initial report. Personal consumption expected unrevised at 1.4 percent.

 

United States Jobless Claims for Week 8/23 (Thu 0830 EDT; Thu 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Initial Claims - Level: 230K

Consensus Range, Initial Claims - Level: 228K to 236K

 

After an unexpected 11K jump to 235K last week, claims expected to retreat a bit toward the 4-week moving average (226.25K) to reach 230K.

 

United States Pending Home Sales Index for July (Thu 0830 EDT; Thu 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.2%

Consensus Range, M/M: -0.2% to 0.5%

 

Sales expected to retrace by 0.2 percent after dropping 0.8 percent in June. Home sales not looking good.

 

Friday

South Korea Industrial Production for July (Fri 0800 KST; Thu 2300 GMT; Thu 1900 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 1.2%

Consensus Range, M/M: 0.5% to 2.1%

 

Output expected up another 1.2 percent on the month in July after rising 1.6 percent in June.

 

Japan Tokyo CPI for August (Fri 0830 JST; Thu 2330 GMT; Thu 1930 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, CPI - Y/Y: 2.6%

Consensus Range, CPI - Y/Y: 2.3% to 2.8%

Consensus Forecast, Ex-Fresh Food - Y/Y: 2.6%

Consensus Range, Ex-Fresh Food - Y/Y: 2.2% to 2.8%

Consensus Forecast, Ex-Fresh Food & Energy - Y/Y: 3.1%

Consensus Range, Ex-Fresh Food & Energy - Y/Y: 2.8% to 3.1%

 

Key forecast points:

--Consumer inflation in Tokyo, the leading indicator of the national average, is expected to have slowed further to 2.6% in August in the core measure (excluding fresh food) after having decelerated to 2.9% in July from 3.1% in June. The main drivers remain the same as in the previous month: nationwide retail gasoline and heating oil subsidies and a plunge in water bills thanks to the city's free base charge for four months that began in June.

--The year-on-year rise in the total CPI is also seen decelerating to 2.6% after slowing to 2.9% in July from 3.1% in June, showing similar patterns as in the core reading. The annual rate for the core-core CPI (excluding fresh food and energy), which is little affected by fluctuations in gasoline and heating oil prices, is expected remain notably sticker at 3.1% after staying at 3.1% in July and easing to the level in June from 3.3% in May.

--Lower inbound spending amid the stronger yen vs. its weakness seen last year is also helping ease upward pressures on consumer prices. Energy prices are expected to post a year-on-year decline for the second straight month following many months of gains. On the upside, elevated processed food prices continue to hurt households. Serious domestic rice supply shortages have eased but regular rice prices in Tokyo's 23-ward areas were still up 81.2% on the year in July, only slightly slower than 89.2% in June and 93.2% in May. The deceleration pace in August is also expected to be gradual.

 

Japan Unemployment Rate for July (Fri 0830 JST; Thu 2330 GMT; Thu 1930 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Rate: 2.5%

Consensus Range, Rate: 2.4% to 2.5%

 

Key forecast:

--The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Japan is forecast to stay low and stable at 2.5% in July after staying at the rate in the previous four months and edging down to 2.4% in February. Payrolls seen up on year for the 36th straight month amid widespread labor shortages. Other data show real wages are falling amid high costs of living.

--The government continues to describe employment conditions as "showing signs of improvement" in its latest monthly economic report but real wages fell for the sixth straight month in June, down 1.3% on the year, in the face of rising costs of living while nominal wages gained a modest 2.5%.

 

Japan Industrial Production for July (Fri 0850 JST; Thu 2350 GMT; Thu 1950 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: -1.5%

Consensus Range, M/M: -2.3% to -0.3%

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: -0.7%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: -5.3% to 0.4%

 

Key forecast points:

--Japan's industrial production is forecast to slip back 1.5% on the month in July after marking its first rise in three months in June with a solid 2.1% gain (revised up from +1.7%) as the uncertainty over both global and domestic demand lingers even in the wake of trade deals between Tokyo and Washington, news of which appeared to come in a little too late for firms to digest.

--Factory output is seen down 0.7% on year after marking a solid 4.0% rise in June and falling 2.4% in May, which was the first drop in five months.

--The monthly survey by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry released last month indicated that output would output would slip 1.0% in July before rising 0.8% in August, led by production machinery as well as iron/steel and non-ferrous metals.

--METI is likely to maintain its assessment (the last change was an upgrade in July 2024), saying industrial output is "taking one step forward and one step back."

 

Japan Retail Sales for July (Fri 0850 JST; Thu 2350 GMT; Thu 1950 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.1%

Consensus Range, M/M: -0.6% to 0.5%

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 1.8%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 1.0% to 2.6%

 

Key forecasts:

--Japanese retail sales are forecast to show a modest 1.8% rise on the year in July, staying on a sluggish trend following a 1.9% gain in each of the previous two months and slowing from +3.5% in April, as consumers had already scrambled to replace or repair their existing air conditioners before June in anticipation of life-threatening heat waves and typhoons.

--Retail sales are seen nearly flat on a seasonally adjusted basis, up just 0.1% after rising a solid 1.0% in June, slipping 0.6% in May and rising 0.7% in April.

--Government subsidies have cut fuel prices in recent months, exerting downward pressures on retail sales while demand for drugs and cosmetics stays intact.

--Department store sales posted a sixth straight year-on-year decline, hit by lower inbound spending amid a firmer yen and stricter duty-free shopping rules.

--New passenger car sales units posted their first y/y drop in seven months in July but vehicle sales in METI's retail sales are provide only in values and thus could paint a complexly different picture than what industry data had shown. Demand for vehicles has been on a gradual recovery trend after last year's production suspension by the Toyota Motor group over safety test scandals.

 

Germany Retail Sales for July (Fri 0800 CEST; Fri 0600 GMT; Fri 0200 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.0%

Consensus Range, M/M: -0.5% to 0.3%

 

Sales expected flat on the month in July after surging by 1.0 percent on the month in June.

 

France GDP for Second Quarter (Fri 0845 CEST; Fri 0645 GMT; Fri 0245 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Q/Q: 0.3%

Consensus Range, Q/Q: 0.3% to 0.3%

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 0.7%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 0.7% to 0.7%

 

No revision expected from the flash with a strong 0.3 percent rise on quarter.

 

Germany Unemployment Rate for August (Fri 0955 CEST; Fri 0755 GMT; Fri 0355 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Rate: 6.4%

Consensus Range, Rate: 6.3% to 6.4%

 

The consensus looks for unemployment to tick higher to 6.4 percent in August from 6.3 percent in July.

 

Italy GDP for Second Quarter (Fri 1000 CEST; Fri 0800 GMT; Fri 0400 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Q/Q: -0.1%

Consensus Range, Q/Q: -0.1% to -0.1

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 0.4%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 0.4% to 0.4%

 

No revision expected from the flash with a 0.1 percent decline on quarter.

 

Germany CPI for August (Fri 1400 CEST; Thu 1200 GMT; Thu 0800 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.1%

Consensus Range, M/M: 0.0% to 0.1%

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 2.1%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 1.9% to 2.2%

Consensus Forecast, HICP - M/M: 0.1%

Consensus Range, HICP - M/M: 0.1% to O.1%

Consensus Forecast, HICP - Y/Y: 2.0%

Consensus Range, HICP - Y/Y: 1.9% to 2.1%

 

The consensus sees German CPI up 0.1 percent on the quarter and up 2.1 percent on year.

 

India GDP for Second Quarter (Fri 1730 IST; Fri 1200 GMT; Fri 0800 EDT)

Consensus Forecast, Y/Y: 6.6%

Consensus Range, Y/Y: 6.4% to 7.0%

 

GDP seen up 6.6 percent on year in Q2 versus 7.4 percent in Q1.

 

Canada Monthly GDP for June (Fri 0830 EDT; Fri 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, M/M: 0.1%

Consensus Range, M/M: 0.1% to 0.2%

 

Another marginal 0.1 percent rise expected for Canada's GDP in June from May. At least it's positive.

 

Canada GDP for Second Quarter (Fri 0830 EDT; Fri 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Annual Rate: -0.4%

Consensus Range, Annual Rate: -1.0% to 0.2%

 

Tariff angst whacked Canada's economy in Q2 with net exports and Capex suffering while consumer spending fared relatively well. The consensus sees a decline of 0.4 percent at an annual rate. The Bank of Canada was looking for minus 1.5 percent.

 

United States International Trade in Goods (Advance) for July (Fri 0830 EDT; Fri 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Balance: -$87.7 B

Consensus Range, Balance: -$99.8 -$87.0 B

 

The consensus forecast looks for the merchandise trade gap at $87.7 billion in June versus $86.0 billion in June.

 

United States Personal Income and Outlays for July (Fri 0830 EDT; Fri 1230 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Personal Income - M/M: 0.4%

Consensus Range, Personal Income - M/M: 0.3% to 0.5%

Consensus Forecast, Personal Consumption Expenditures - M/M: 0.5%

Consensus Range, Personal Consumption Expenditures - M/M: 0.3% to 0.6%

Consensus Forecast, PCE Price Index - M/M: 0.2%

Consensus Range, PCE Price Index - M/M: 0.2% to 0.3%

Consensus Forecast, PCE Price Index - Y/Y: 2.6%

Consensus Range, PCE Price Index - Y/Y: 2.6% to 2.7%

Consensus Forecast, Core PCE Price Index - M/M: 0.3%

Consensus Range, Core PCE Price Index - M/M: 0.2% to 0.3%

Consensus Forecast, Core PCE Price Index - Y/Y: 2.9%

Consensus Range, Core PCE Price Index - Y/Y: 2.8%% to 3.0%

 

Income expected up 0.4 percent and spending up 0.5 percent on the month. Core PCE prices seen up 0.3 percent versus 0.3 percent in June.

 

 

United States Chicago PMI for August (Fri 0945 EDT; Fri 1345 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Index: 45.2

Consensus Range, Index: 45.0 to 48.3

 

Chicago PMI seen ebbing to 45.2 in Augus versus 47.1 in July.

 

United States Consumer Sentiment for August (Fri 1000 EDT; Fri 1400 GMT)

Consensus Forecast, Index: 58.6

Consensus Range, Index: 58.0 to 60.5

 

The final University of Michigan index is expected unrevised at 58.6.

 

powered by [Econoday]
[Apple App Store]
[Econoday on Kindle]